what happens to the blood of someone with mitral regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation is a disorder in which the mitral valve on the left side of the eye does not shut properly.

Regurgitation means leaking from a valve that does not shut all the mode.

Mitral regurgitation is a mutual type of heart valve disorder.

Blood that flows betwixt different chambers of your centre must flow through a valve. The valve between the 2 chambers on the left side of your heart is called the mitral valve.

When the mitral valve doesn't close all the mode, blood flows backward into the upper heart chamber (atrium) from the lower chamber equally it contracts. This cuts downwards on the amount of blood that flows to the residuum of the body. As a result, the heart may try to pump harder. This may lead to congestive center failure.

Mitral regurgitation may begin suddenly. This ofttimes occurs afterwards a center assail. When the regurgitation does not go abroad, it becomes long-term (chronic).

Many other diseases or problems can weaken or damage the valve or the centre tissue around the valve. You are at take chances for mitral valve regurgitation if you have:

• Coronary eye disease and high blood pressure
• Infection of the center valves
• Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
• Rare conditions, such equally untreated syphilis or Marfan syndrome
• Rheumatic heart disease. This is a complication of untreated strep throat that is becoming less common.
• Swelling of the left lower heart chamber

Another of import risk factor for mitral regurgitation is by use of a diet pill called "Fen-Phen" (fenfluramine and phentermine) or dexfenfluramine. The drug was removed from the market past the U.Due south. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997 because of safety concerns.

Symptoms may begin of a sudden if:

• A heart attack damages the muscles around the mitral valve.
• The cords that attach the musculus to the valve break.
• An infection of the valve destroys part of the valve.

There are often no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they ofttimes develop gradually, and may include:

• Cough
• Fatigue, exhaustion, and lightheadedness
• Rapid breathing
• Sensation of feeling the heart vanquish (palpitations) or a rapid heartbeat
• Shortness of breath that increases with activeness and when lying down
• Waking upwardly an hour or so afterward falling asleep considering of trouble animate
• Urination, excessive at dark

When listening to your middle and lungs, the wellness care provider may detect:

• A thrill (vibration) over the middle when feeling the chest surface area
• An actress eye sound (S4 gallop)
• A distinctive heart murmur
• Crackles in the lungs (if fluid backs upwards into the lungs)

The physical exam may also reveal:

• Talocrural joint and leg swelling
• Enlarged liver
• Bulging neck veins
• Other signs of right-sided center failure

The following tests may be washed to look at the center valve structure and function:

• CT scan of the heart
• Echocardiogram (an ultrasound examination of the heart) - transthoracic or transesophageal
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Cardiac catheterization may be done if heart function becomes worse.

Treatment will depend on what symptoms y'all take, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the eye is working, and if the heart has go enlarged.

People with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medicines to reduce the strain on the heart and ease symptoms.

The post-obit drugs may be prescribed when mitral regurgitation symptoms get worse:

• Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium aqueduct blockers
• Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation
• Drugs that help command uneven or aberrant heartbeats
• Water pills (diuretics) to remove excess fluid in the lungs

A depression-sodium diet may exist helpful. You may need to limit your action if symptoms develop.

In one case the diagnosis is made, you lot should visit your provider regularly to track your symptoms and heart function.

You may need surgery to repair or replace the valve if:

• Heart function is poor
• The heart becomes enlarged (dilated)
• Symptoms get worse

The event varies. Most of the time the condition is mild, so no therapy or restriction is needed. Symptoms can most often be controlled with medicine.

Problems that may develop include:

• Abnormal heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation and possibly more serious, or even life-threatening abnormal rhythms
• Clots that may travel to other areas of the body, such as the lungs or encephalon
• Infection of the middle valve
• Eye failure

Call your provider if symptoms get worse or do not amend with treatment.

Also call your provider if you are being treated for this condition and develop signs of infection, which include:

• Chills
• Fever
• General ill feeling
• Headache
• Musculus aches

People with abnormal or damaged heart valves are at run a risk for an infection chosen endocarditis. Annihilation that causes leaner to become into your bloodstream tin lead to this infection. Steps to avoid this problem include:

• Avoid unclean injections.
• Treat strep infections quickly to prevent rheumatic fever.
• Always tell your provider and dentist if you have a history of center valve disease or congenital eye disease earlier treatment. Some people may need antibiotics before dental procedures or surgery.

Mitral valve regurgitation; Mitral valve insufficiency; Heart mitral regurgitation; Valvular mitral regurgitation

Carabello BA. Valvular heart disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 66.

Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American Higher of Cardiology/American Centre Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Apportionment. 2017;135(25):e1159-e1195. PMID: 28298458 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28298458/.

Thomas JD, Bonow RO. Mitral valve disease. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Isle of mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Eye Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 69.

Updated by: Michael A. Chen, Doc, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Too reviewed by David Zieve, Doctor, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.Yard. Editorial team.

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Source: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000176.htm

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